在树莓派用C#+Winform实现传感器监测

最近学校里发了个任务，说要做一个科技节小发明，然后我就掏出我的树莓派准备大干一场。

调料

Raspberry Pi 3B+树莓派GPIO扩展板3.5寸电容触摸屏（GPIO接口）土壤湿度传感器（GPIO接口）光照传感器（GPIO接口）由于作品已经交上去了这里只能先放个以前的图这里展示的是土壤湿度传感器，光照传感器道理一样

第一步安装mono

树莓派不能直接运行C#图形化应用程序，去网上搜了一下解决方案，WPF框架是肯定没戏，不过我看到了一个叫mono的项目，可以在Linux平台运行Winform程序，还有这等好事？！赶紧整！

国际惯例哈，更新软件源

sudo apt-get update

然后执行安装命令

sudo apt-get install mono-complete -y

如果没法安装就检查你的软件源是否包含mono，我个人推荐清华大学的开源镜像站最后我们检查是否安装成功

mono

如果不报错，就是安装成功了

第二步探索GPIO

环境搭建好了，然而我对GPIO接口所知甚少，还是上网查查连接传感器，首先是单片机和检测头的连接，母对母两条杜邦线搞定然后是树莓派和单片机，VCC接3.3V或者5V，GND接树莓派GND，DO接任意GPIO空闲接口树莓派的GPIO对应表可以在网上搜或者看下面的字符画

一开始使用CSDN上某个大佬的GPIO类https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30878361/article/details/97233437结果测试了好久都抛异常，如果哪位大佬知道如何调用可以在评论区告诉我，感谢

于是我果断放弃了这个现成的类库，然后去读了下传感器的文档，发现文档里有一个很有意思的命令

gpio readall

赶紧跑到树莓派终端上，运行它！

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall+—–+—–+———+——+—+—Pi 3B+-+—+——+———+—–+—–+| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |+—–+—–+———+——+—+——–+—+——+———+—–+—–+| | | 3.3v | | | 1 || 2 | | | 5v | | || 2 | 8 | SDA.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 3 || 4 | | | 5v | | || 3 | 9 | SCL.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 5 || 6 | | | 0v | | || 4 | 7 | GPIO. 7 | IN | 1 | 7 || 8 | 1 | ALT5 | TxD | 15 | 14 || | | 0v | | | 9 || 10 | 1 | ALT5 | RxD | 16 | 15 || 17 | 0 | GPIO. 0 | IN | 1 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 1 | 1 | 18 || 27 | 2 | GPIO. 2 | IN | 0 | 13 || 14 | | | 0v | | || 22 | 3 | GPIO. 3 | IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 4 | 4 | 23 || | | 3.3v | | | 17 || 18 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 5 | 5 | 24 || 10 | 12 | MOSI | ALT0 | 0 | 19 || 20 | | | 0v | | || 9 | 13 | MISO | ALT0 | 0 | 21 || 22 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 6 | 6 | 25 || 11 | 14 | SCLK | ALT0 | 1 | 23 || 24 | 0 | OUT | CE0 | 10 | 8 || | | 0v | | | 25 || 26 | 1 | OUT | CE1 | 11 | 7 || 0 | 30 | SDA.0 | IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN | SCL.0 | 31 | 1 || 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 0 | 29 || 30 | | | 0v | | || 6 | 22 | GPIO.22 | IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN | GPIO.26 | 26 | 12 || 13 | 23 | GPIO.23 | IN | 0 | 33 || 34 | | | 0v | | || 19 | 24 | GPIO.24 | IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN | GPIO.27 | 27 | 16 || 26 | 25 | GPIO.25 | IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN | GPIO.28 | 28 | 20 || | | 0v | | | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 |+—–+—–+———+——+—+——–+—+——+———+—–+—–+| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |+—–+—–+———+——+—+—Pi 3B+-+—+——+———+—–+—–+

从这里看可能不太直观哈，放个图

然后把传感器从水里拿出来，再次readall

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall+—–+—–+———+——+—+—Pi 3B+-+—+——+———+—–+—–+| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |+—–+—–+———+——+—+——–+—+——+———+—–+—–+| | | 3.3v | | | 1 || 2 | | | 5v | | || 2 | 8 | SDA.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 3 || 4 | | | 5v | | || 3 | 9 | SCL.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 5 || 6 | | | 0v | | || 4 | 7 | GPIO. 7 | IN | 1 | 7 || 8 | 1 | ALT5 | TxD | 15 | 14 || | | 0v | | | 9 || 10 | 1 | ALT5 | RxD | 16 | 15 || 17 | 0 | GPIO. 0 | IN | 1 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 1 | 1 | 18 || 27 | 2 | GPIO. 2 | IN | 0 | 13 || 14 | | | 0v | | || 22 | 3 | GPIO. 3 | IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 4 | 4 | 23 || | | 3.3v | | | 17 || 18 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 5 | 5 | 24 || 10 | 12 | MOSI | ALT0 | 0 | 19 || 20 | | | 0v | | || 9 | 13 | MISO | ALT0 | 0 | 21 || 22 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 6 | 6 | 25 || 11 | 14 | SCLK | ALT0 | 1 | 23 || 24 | 0 | OUT | CE0 | 10 | 8 || | | 0v | | | 25 || 26 | 1 | OUT | CE1 | 11 | 7 || 0 | 30 | SDA.0 | IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN | SCL.0 | 31 | 1 || 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 1 | 29 || 30 | | | 0v | | || 6 | 22 | GPIO.22 | IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN | GPIO.26 | 26 | 12 || 13 | 23 | GPIO.23 | IN | 0 | 33 || 34 | | | 0v | | || 19 | 24 | GPIO.24 | IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN | GPIO.27 | 27 | 16 || 26 | 25 | GPIO.25 | IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN | GPIO.28 | 28 | 20 || | | 0v | | | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 |+—–+—–+———+——+—+——–+—+——+———+—–+—–+| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |+—–+—–+———+——+—+—Pi 3B+-+—+——+———+—–+—–+

可以看到BCM为6，接口号29发生了变化，在水中是0，不在水中是1.OK 搞清楚了，接下来就好办了

第三步撰写代码

首先写个UI，没UI设计头脑的我就简单粗暴解决了`namespace OpenEnvLite{partial class Form1{////// 必需的设计器变量。///private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

/// <summary>/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。/// </summary>/// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源，为 true；否则为 false。</param>protected override void Dispose(bool disposing){if (disposing && (components != null)){components.Dispose();}base.Dispose(disposing);}#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码/// <summary>/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要修改/// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。/// </summary>private void InitializeComponent(){this.title = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();this.土壤湿度 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();this.土壤湿度显示 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();this.亮度 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();this.亮度显示 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();this.SuspendLayout();//// title//this.title.AutoSize = true;this.title.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));this.title.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;this.title.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 36);this.title.Name = "title";this.title.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(187, 29);this.title.TabIndex = 1;this.title.Text = "土壤属性探测";//// 土壤湿度//this.土壤湿度.AutoSize = true;this.土壤湿度.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));this.土壤湿度.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;this.土壤湿度.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(43, 89);this.土壤湿度.Name = "土壤湿度";this.土壤湿度.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(94, 21);this.土壤湿度.TabIndex = 6;this.土壤湿度.Text = "土壤湿度";//// 土壤湿度显示//this.土壤湿度显示.AutoSize = true;this.土壤湿度显示.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));this.土壤湿度显示.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;this.土壤湿度显示.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(143, 89);this.土壤湿度显示.Name = "土壤湿度显示";this.土壤湿度显示.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21);this.土壤湿度显示.TabIndex = 7;this.土壤湿度显示.Text = "检测中";//// 亮度//this.亮度.AutoSize = true;this.亮度.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));this.亮度.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;this.亮度.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(63, 110);this.亮度.Name = "亮度";this.亮度.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(52, 21);this.亮度.TabIndex = 8;this.亮度.Text = "亮度";//// 亮度显示//this.亮度显示.AutoSize = true;this.亮度显示.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));this.亮度显示.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;this.亮度显示.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(143, 110);this.亮度显示.Name = "亮度显示";this.亮度显示.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21);this.亮度显示.TabIndex = 9;this.亮度显示.Text = "检测中";//// label2//this.label2.AutoSize = true;this.label2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));this.label2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(27, 174);this.label2.Name = "label2";this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(189, 21);this.label2.TabIndex = 10;this.label2.Text = " 微型土壤探测系统";//// label1//this.label1.AutoSize = true;this.label1.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Default;this.label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));this.label1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(27, 142);this.label1.Name = "label1";this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(189, 21);this.label1.TabIndex = 10;this.label1.Text = "相互科技 版权所有";//// button2//this.button2.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;this.button2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 12F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));this.button2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(191, 26);this.button2.Name = "button2";this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(74, 39);this.button2.TabIndex = 13;this.button2.Text = "刷新";this.button2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);//// Form1//this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;this.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(266, 235);this.Controls.Add(this.button2);this.Controls.Add(this.label1);this.Controls.Add(this.label2);this.Controls.Add(this.亮度显示);this.Controls.Add(this.亮度);this.Controls.Add(this.土壤湿度显示);this.Controls.Add(this.土壤湿度);this.Controls.Add(this.title);this.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None;this.Name = "Form1";this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;this.Text = "Form1";this.TopMost = true;this.ResumeLayout(false);this.PerformLayout();}#endregionprivate System.Windows.Forms.Label title;private System.Windows.Forms.Label 土壤湿度;private System.Windows.Forms.Label 土壤湿度显示;private System.Windows.Forms.Label 亮度;private System.Windows.Forms.Label 亮度显示;private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;}

}

这是设计器代码 然后是主要代码

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Drawing;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading;using System.Windows.Forms;using System.Globalization;using System.IO;using System.Diagnostics;using System.Collections;

namespace OpenEnvLite{public partial class Form1 : Form{public Form1(){InitializeComponent();}

public static string Bash(string command){var escapedArgs = command.Replace("\\"", "\\\\\\"");var process = new Process(){StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo{FileName = "/bin/bash",Arguments = $"-c \\"{escapedArgs}\\"",RedirectStandardOutput = true,UseShellExecute = false,CreateNoWindow = true,}};process.Start();string result = process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();process.WaitForExit();process.Dispose();return result;}private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){string SenseWater = Bash("gpio readall");if (SenseWater.Contains("|   5 |  21 | GPIO.21 |   IN | 0 | 29 |")){土壤湿度显示.Text = "湿度正常";}else{土壤湿度显示.Text = "湿度过低";}string SenseLight = Bash("gpio readall");if (SenseLight.Contains("| 40 | 1 | IN   | GPIO.29 | 29  | 21  |")){亮度显示.Text = "亮度过低";}else{亮度显示.Text = "亮度正常";}}}

搞定！如果要调节传感器的灵敏度可以用十字起子转动单片机上的电阻。光敏电阻和湿度电阻道理是一样的。最后导入exe文件到树莓派，使用mono运行