利用binlog恢复库表:
• 启用binlog日志
• 创建db1库tb1表,插入3条记录
• 删除tb1表中刚插入的3条记录
• 使用mysqlbinlog恢复删除的3条记录
步骤一:启用binlog日志
1)调整/etc/my.cnf配置,并重启服务
[root@zhangyx ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld].. ..log-bin-index=mysql-bin //启用二进制日志,并指定前缀server_id=1binlog_format=STATEMENT//在Mysql5.7中,binlog日志格式默认为ROW,但它不记录sql语句上下文相关信息。需要将binlog日志格式修改为STATEMENT.. ..[root@zhangyx ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
2)确认binlog日志文件
新启用binlog后,每次启动MySQl服务都会新生成一份日志文件:
[root@zhangyx ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.*/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index
其中mysql-bin.index文件记录了当前保持的二进制文件列表:
[root@zhangyx ~]# cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index./mysql-bin.000001
重启MySQL服务程序,或者执行SQL操作“FLUSH LOGS;”,会生成一份新的日志:
[root@zhangyx ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.*/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002[root@zhangyx ~]# cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index./mysql-bin.000001./mysql-bin.000002
步骤二:利用binlog日志重做数据库操作
1)执行数据库表添加操作
创建db1•库tb1表,表结构自定义:
mysql> CREATE DATABASE db1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)mysql> USE db1;Database changedmysql> CREATE TABLE tb1(-> id int(4) NOT NULL,name varchar(24)-> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)
插入3条表记录:
mysql> INSERT INTO tb1 VALUES-> (1,\'Jack\'),-> (2,\'Kenthy\'),-> (3,\'Bob\');Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.12 sec)Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
确认插入的表记录数据:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tb1;+----+--------+| id | name |+----+--------+| 1 | Jack || 2 | Kenthy || 3 | Bob |+----+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2)删除前一步添加的3条表记录
执行删除所有表记录操作:
mysql> DELETE FROM tb1;Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.09 sec)
确认删除结果:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tb1;Empty set (0.00 sec)
步骤三:通过binlog日志恢复表记录
binlog会记录所有的数据库、表更改操作,所以可在必要的时候重新执行以前做过的一部分数据操作,但对于启用binlog之前已经存在的库、表数据将不适用。
根据上述“恢复被删除的3条表记录”的需求,应通过mysqlbinlog工具查看相关日志文件,找到删除这些表记录的时间点,只要恢复此前的SQL操作(主要是插入那3条记录的操作)即可。
1)查看mysql-bin.000002日志内容
[root@zhangyx ~]# mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;DELIMITER /*!*/;# at 4#200725 12:05:32 server id 1 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x6d8c069c Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 170412 12:05:32 at startup# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.ROLLBACK/*!*/;BINLOG \'jKftWA8BAAAAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjE3LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACMp+1YEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQAAZwGjG0=\'/*!*/;# at 123#200725 12:05:32 server id 1 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x17f50164 Previous-GTIDs# [empty]# at 154#200725 12:05:59 server id 1 end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x4ba5a976 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=0 sequence_number=1SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= \'ANONYMOUS\'/*!*/;# at 219#170412 12:05:59 server id 1 end_log_pos 310 CRC32 0x5b66ae13 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1491969959/*!*/;SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=3/*!*/;SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1436549152/*!*/;SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;/*!\\C utf8 *//*!*/;SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/;SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;CREATE DATABASE db1/*!*/;# at 310#200725 12:06:23 server id 1 end_log_pos 375 CRC32 0x2967cc28 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=1 sequence_number=2SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= \'ANONYMOUS\'/*!*/;# at 375#200725 12:06:23 server id 1 end_log_pos 502 CRC32 0x5de09aae Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0use `db1`/*!*/;SET TIMESTAMP=1491969983/*!*/;CREATE TABLE tb1(id int(4) NOT NULL,name varchar(24))/*!*/;# at 502#200725 12:06:55 server id 1 end_log_pos 567 CRC32 0x0b8cd418 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=2 sequence_number=3SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= \'ANONYMOUS\'/*!*/;# at 567#200725 12:06:55 server id 1 end_log_pos 644 CRC32 0x7e8f2fa0 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1491970015/*!*/;BEGIN/*!*/;# at 644#200725 12:06:55 server id 1 end_log_pos 772 CRC32 0x4e3f728e Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 //插入表记录的起始时间点SET TIMESTAMP=1491970015/*!*/;INSERT INTO tb1 VALUES(1,\'Jack\'),(2,\'Kenthy\'), (3,\'Bob\')/*!*/;# at 772#200725 12:06:55 server id 1 end_log_pos 803 CRC32 0x6138b21f Xid = 10 //确认事务的时间点COMMIT/*!*/;# at 803#200725 12:07:24 server id 1 end_log_pos 868 CRC32 0xbef3f472 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=3 sequence_number=4SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= \'ANONYMOUS\'/*!*/;# at 868#170412 12:07:24 server id 1 end_log_pos 945 CRC32 0x5684e92c Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0SET TIMESTAMP=1491970044/*!*/;BEGIN/*!*/;# at 945#200725 12:07:24 server id 1 end_log_pos 1032 CRC32 0x4c1c75fc Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 //删除表记录的时间点SET TIMESTAMP=1491970044/*!*/;DELETE FROM tb1/*!*/;# at 1032#200725 12:07:24 server id 1 end_log_pos 1063 CRC32 0xccf549b2 Xid = 12COMMIT/*!*/;SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= \'AUTOMATIC\' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;DELIMITER ;# End of log file/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
2) 执行指定Pos节点范围内的sql命令恢复数据
根据上述日志分析,只要恢复从2014.01.12 20:12:14到2014.01.12 20:13:50之间的操作即可。可通过mysqlbinlog指定时间范围输出,结合管道交给msyql命令执行导入重做:
[root@zhangyx ~]# mysqlbinlog \\--start-datetime=\"2017-04-12 12:06:55\" \\--stop-datetime=\"2017-04-12 12:07:23\" \\/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -u root -pEnter password: //验证口令
3)确认恢复结果
mysql> SELECT * FROM db1.tb1;+----+--------+| id | name |+----+--------+| 1 | Jack || 2 | Kenthy || 3 | Bob |+----+--------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注:
三种记录格式:
1.statement:每一条修改数据的sql命令都会记录在binlog日志中
2.row:不记录sql语句上下文相关信息,仅保存哪条记录被修改
3.mixed:是以上两种格式的混和使用