写在前面
前段时间搭建了一套MySQL分布式数据库集群,数据库节点有12个,用来测试各种分布式事务方案的性能和优缺点。测试MySQL XA事务时,正当测试脚本向数据库中批量插入数据时,强制服务器断电!注意:是直接拔电源,使其瞬间断电,再次重启服务器后,MySQL数据库报错了。特此记录MySQL XA事务的恢复。
MySQL XA事务问题
服务器强制断电后重启,此时MySQL报错,查看MySQL启动日志时,发现如下所示的错误信息。
InnoDB: The log sequence number in ibdata files does not matchInnoDB: the log sequence number in the ib_logfiles!100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewriteInnoDB: buffer...InnoDB: Transaction 0 4497755 was in the XA prepared state.InnoDB: Transaction 0 4468551 was in the XA prepared state.InnoDB: Transaction 0 4468140 was in the XA prepared state.InnoDB: 3 transaction(s) which must be rolled back or cleaned upInnoDB: in total 0 row operations to undoInnoDB: Trx id counter is 0 5312768InnoDB: Starting in background the rollback of uncommitted transactions100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Rollback of non-prepared transactions completed100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 3805002509100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Starting recovery for XA transactions...100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Transaction 0 4497755 in prepared state after recovery100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Transaction contains changes to 8 rows100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Transaction 0 4468551 in prepared state after recovery100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Transaction contains changes to 1 rows100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Transaction 0 4468140 in prepared state after recovery100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: Transaction contains changes to 1 rows100224 23:24:20 InnoDB: 3 transactions in prepared state after recovery100224 23:24:20 [Note] Found 3 prepared transaction(s) in InnoDB100224 23:24:20 [Warning] Found 3 prepared XA transactions100224 23:24:20 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events100224 23:24:20 [Note] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.Version: \'8.0.18\' socket: \'/tmp/mysql.sock\' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
从上面的日志信息中,可以看出有三个XA的事务没有提交或回滚。那该如何恢复MySQL的XA事务呢?
恢复MySQL XA事务
首先,登录到MySQL,执行如下命令。
mysql> xa recover;+----------+--------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------+| formatID | gtrid_length | bqual_length | data |+----------+--------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------+| 131075 | 30 | 28 | 1-7f000001:bae5:4b6928eb:f06397f000001:bae5:4b6928eb:f0650 || 131075 | 30 | 28 | 1-7f000001:bae5:4b6928eb:fb5c37f000001:bae5:4b6928eb:fb5cd || 131075 | 30 | 28 | 1-7f000001:bae5:4b6928eb:f03ea7f000001:bae5:4b6928eb:f0400 |+----------+--------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
数据表示信息如下:
formatIDis the formatIDpart of the transaction xidgtrid_lengthis the length in bytes of the gtridpart of the xidbqual_lengthis the length in bytes of the bqualpart of the xiddatais the concatenation of the gtridand bqualparts of the xid
这是三个XA事务的信息,准备直接回滚。
mysql> xa rollback \'1-7f000001:bae5:4b6928eb:fb5c3\',\'7f000001:bae5:4b6928eb:fb5cd\',131075;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.41 sec)
MySQL XA事务补充
XA事务支持限于InnoDB存储引擎。
MySQL XA实施是针对外部XA的,其中,MySQL服务器作为资源管理器,而客户端程序作为事务管理器。未实施“内部XA”。这样,就允许MySQL服务器内的单独存储引擎作为RM(资源管理器),而服务器本身作为TM(事务管理器)。处理包含1个以上存储引擎的XA事务时,需要内部XA。内部XA的实施是不完整的,这是因为,它要求存储引擎在表处理程序层面上支持两阶段提交,目前仅对InnoDB实现了该特性。
对于XA START,不支持JOIN和RESUME子句。
对于XA END,不支持SUSPEND [FOR MIGRATE]子句。
在全局事务内,对于每个XA事务,xid值的bqual部分应是不同的,该要求是对当前MySQL XA实施的限制。它不是XA规范的组成部分。
如果XA事务达到PREPARED状态而且MySQL服务器ad8宕机,当服务器重启后,能够继续处理事务。就像原本应当的那样。但是,如果客户端连接中止而服务器继续运行,服务器将回滚任何未完成的XA事务,即使该事务已达到PREPARED状态也同样。它应能提交或回滚PREPARED XA事务,但在不更改二进制日志机制的情况下不能这样。
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