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MySQL数据库密码恢复及设置的操作

• 恢复MySQL管理列表
• 正常设置管理密码
步骤一:重置MySQL管理密码
1)首先停止已运行的MySQL服务程序

1.	[root@dyy ~]# systemctl  stop mysqld.service           //停止服务2.	[root@dyy ~]# systemctl  status mysqld.service          //确认状态3.	mysqld.service - MySQL Server4.	   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled)5.	   Active: inactive (dead) since 五 2017-04-07 23:01:38 CST; 21s ago6.	     Docs: man:mysqld(8)7.	           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html8.	  Process: 20260 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)9.	  Process: 20238 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)10.	 Main PID: 20262 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

2)然后跳过授权表启动MySQL服务程序
这一步主要利用mysqld的 –skip-grant-tables选项
修改my.cnf配置,添加 skip_grant_tables=1启动设置:

1.	[root@dyy ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf2.	[mysqld]3.	skip_grant_tables=14.	.. ..5.	[root@dyy ~]# systemctl  restart mysqld.service6.	[root@dyy ~]# service mysql status7.	mysqld.service - MySQL Server8.	   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled)9.	   Active: active (running) since 五 2017-04-07 23:40:20 CST; 40s ago10.	     Docs: man:mysqld(8)11.	           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html12.	  Process: 11698 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)13.	  Process: 11676 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)14.	 Main PID: 11701 (mysqld)15.	   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service16.	           └─11701 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.p...

3)使用mysql命令连接到MySQL服务,重设root的密码
由于前一步启动的MySQL服务跳过了授权表,所以可以root从本机直接登录

1.	[root@dyy ~]# mysql -u root2.	Enter password:                                 //直接回车即可3.	Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.4.	Your MySQL connection id is 45.	Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)6.7.	Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.8.9.	Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its10.	affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective11.	owners.12.13.	Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.14.15.	mysql>

进入 mysql> 环境后,通过修改mysql库中user表的相关记录,重设root用户从本机登录的密码:

1.	mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD(\'1234567\')2.	    -> WHERE user=\'root\' AND host=\'localhost\';              //重设root的密码3.	Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)4.	Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 15.	mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                  //刷新授权表6.	Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)7.	mysql> exit                                              //退出mysql> 环境8.	Bye

通过执行“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”可使授权表立即生效,对于正常运行的MySQL服务,也可以用上述方法来修改密码,不用重启服务。本例中因为是恢复密码,最好重启MySQL服务程序,所以上述“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”操作可跳过。
4)重新以正常方式启动MySQL服务程序,验证新密码
如果前面是修改/etc/my.cnf配置的方法来跳过授权表,则重置root密码后,应去除相应的设置以恢复正常:

1.	[root@dyy ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf2.	[mysqld]3.	#skip_grant_tables=1                              //注释掉或删除此行4.	.. ..

按正常方式,通过mysql脚本重启服务即可:

1.	[root@dyy ~]# systemctl  restart mysqld.service

验证无密码登录时,将会被拒绝:

1.	[root@dyy ~]# mysql -u root2.	Enter password:                            //没有跳过授权表回车会报错3.	ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user \'root\'@\'localhost\' (using password: NO)

只有提供重置后的新密码,才能成功登入:

1.	[root@dyy ~]# mysql -u root –p2.	Enter password:3.	Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.4.	Your MySQL connection id is 45.	Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)6.7.	Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.8.9.	Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its10.	affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective11.	owners.12.13.	Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.14.15.	mysql>

步骤二:正常设置MySQL管理密码
正常的前提是:已知当前MySQL管理用户(root)的密码。
1)方法1,在Shell命令行下设置
使用mysqladmin管理工具,需要验证旧的密码。比如,以下操作将会把root的密码设置为 1234567:

1.	[root@dyy ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p password \'1234567\'2.	Enter password:                                   //验证原来的密码3.	mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.4.	Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.                              //提示明文修改不安全,并不是报错

2)方法2,以root登入mysql> 后,使用SET PASSWORD指令设置
这个与新安装MySQL-server后首次修改密码时要求的方式相同,平时也可以用:

1.	mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD(\'1234567\');2.	Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

3)方法3,以root登入mysql> 后,使用GRANT授权工具设置
这个是最常见的用户授权方式(下一节会做更多授权的练习):

1.	mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY \'1234567\';2.	Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

4)方法4,以root登入mysql> 后,使用UPDATE更新相应的表记录
这种方法与恢复密码时的操作相同:

1.	mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD(\'1234567\')2.	    -> WHERE user=\'root\' AND host=\'localhost\';          //重设root的密码3.	Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)4.	Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 15.	mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                  //刷新授权表6.	Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

在上述方法中,需要特别注意:当MySQL服务程序以 skip-grant-tables 选项启动时,如果未执行“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”操作,是无法通过SET PASSWORD或者GRANT方式来设置密码的。比如,验证这两种方式时,都会看到ERROR 1290的出错提示:

1.	mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD(\'1234567\');2.	ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement3.4.	mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY \'1234567\';5.	ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
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