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MySQL-数据库密码恢复及设置


密码恢复及设置,需要完成以下任务操作:

恢复MySQL管理列表
• 正常设置管理密码

步骤一:重置MySQL管理密码

1)首先停止已运行的MySQL服务程序

[root@zhangyx ~]# systemctl stop mysqld.service     //停止服务[root@zhangyx ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service   //确认状态● mysqld.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2020-07-24 16:09:46 CST; 34s agoDocs: man:mysqld(8)http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlMain PID: 926 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Jul 24 14:26:38 zhangyx systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...Jul 24 14:26:39 zhangyx systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.Jul 24 16:09:44 zhangyx systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Server...Jul 24 16:09:46 zhangyx systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server.

2)然后跳过授权表启动MySQL服务程序
这一步主要利用mysqld的 –skip-grant-tables选项
修改my.cnf配置,添加 skip_grant_tables=1启动设置:

[root@zhangyx ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]skip_grant_tables=1.. ..[root@zhangyx ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service[root@zhangyx ~]# service mysql status

3)使用mysql命令连接到MySQL服务,重设root的密码
由于前一步启动的MySQL服务跳过了授权表,所以可以root从本机直接登录

[root@zhangyx ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password:              ////直接回车即可Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

进入 mysql> 环境后,通过修改mysql库中user表的相关记录,重设root用户从本机登录的密码:

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD(\'1234567\')WHERE user=\'root\' AND host=\'localhost\';             //重设root的密码Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.17 sec)Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;      //刷新授权表Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> exit                  //退出mysql> 环境Bye

通过执行“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”可使授权表立即生效,对于正常运行的MySQL服务,也可以用上述方法来修改密码,不用重启服务。本例中因为是恢复密码,最好重启MySQL服务程序,所以上述“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”操作可跳过。

4)重新以正常方式启动MySQL服务程序,验证新密码

如果前面是修改/etc/my.cnf配置的方法来跳过授权表,则重置root密码后,应去除相应的设置以恢复正常:

[root@zhangyx ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]#skip_grant_tables=1                              //注释掉或删除此行

按正常方式,通过mysql脚本重启服务即可:

[root@zhangyx ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

验证无密码登录时,将会被拒绝:

[root@zhangyx ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password:             //没有跳过授权表回车会报错ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user \'root\'@\'localhost\' (using password: NO)

只有提供重置后的新密码,才能成功登入:

[root@zhangyx ~]# mysql -u root -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.mysql>
步骤二:正常设置MySQL管理密码

正常的前提是:已知当前MySQL管理用户(root)的密码。
1)方法1,在Shell命令行下设置

使用mysqladmin管理工具,需要验证旧的密码。比如,以下操作将会把root的密码设置为 1234567:

[root@zhangyx ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p password \'1234567\'Enter password:          //验证原来的密码mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.             //提示明文修改不安全,并不是报错

2)方法2,以root登入mysql> 后,使用SET PASSWORD指令设置

这个与新安装MySQL-server后首次修改密码时要求的方式相同,平时也可以用:

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD(\'1234567\');Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

3)方法3,以root登入mysql> 后,使用GRANT授权工具设置

这个是最常见的用户授权方式

mysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY \'1234567\';Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

4)方法4,以root登入mysql> 后,使用UPDATE更新相应的表记录

这种方法与恢复密码时的操作相同:

mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD(\'1234567\')-> WHERE user=\'root\' AND host=\'localhost\';          //重设root的密码Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 1mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                                  //刷新授权表Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

在上述方法中,需要特别注意:当MySQL服务程序以 skip-grant-tables 选项启动时,如果未执行“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”操作,是无法通过SET PASSWORD或者GRANT方式来设置密码的。比如,验证这两种方式时,都会看到ERROR 1290的出错提示:

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost=PASSWORD(\'1234567\');ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statementmysql> GRANT all ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY \'1234567\';ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
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