责任链模式是一种行为型设计模式。在这种模式中,会为请求创建一条由多个Handler组成的链路。每一个进入的请求,都会经过这条链路。这条链路上的Handler可以选择如下操作:
- 处理请求或跳过处理
- 决定是否将请求传给这条链路上的下一个Handler
下面是责任链模式的用例图:
关于责任链模式的用途最好还是用个案例来说明下。
以医院为例。在一个医院中会有如下职责成员:
- 挂号处
- 医生
- 收银处
- 药房
当病人来医院看病时,他会先去挂号处挂号,然后找医生看病,看完病后去收银处缴费,最后去药房拿药。在这个过程中,病人需要经过一个由四个职责部门组成的链条。病人在一个职责部门的事务结束后才能进入后续的职责部门,在这个过程中我们可以清晰地看到一条职责链。
现在可以说说责任链模式的适用场景了:
- 当一个请求需要经过多个环节的处理时;
- 因为有多个对象可以处理某个请求,但我们并不想让客户端选择处理请求的对象,同时我们还想将客户端和处理器解耦,此时我们可以选择职责链模式:客户端只需要和职责链中的第一个处理器接触就可以了。
下面是病人到医院看病这个实例的类图:
实现代码如下:
department.go
type department interface {execute(*patient)setNext(department)}
medical.go
import \"fmt\"type medical struct {next department}func (m *medical) execute(p *patient) {if p.medicineDone {fmt.Println(\"Medicine already given to patient\")m.next.execute(p)return}fmt.Println(\"Medical giving medicine to patient\")p.medicineDone = truem.next.execute(p)}func (m *medical) setNext(next department) {m.next = next}
cashier.go
import \"fmt\"type cashier struct {next department}func (c *cashier) execute(p *patient) {if p.paymentDone {fmt.Println(\"Payment Done\")}fmt.Println(\"Cashier getting money from patient patient\")c.next.execute(p)}func (c *cashier) setNext(next department) {c.next = next}
doctor.go
import \"fmt\"type doctor struct {next department}func (d *doctor) execute(p *patient) {if p.doctorCheckUpDone {fmt.Println(\"Doctor checkup already done\")d.next.execute(p)return}fmt.Println(\"Doctor checking patient\")56cp.doctorCheckUpDone = trued.next.execute(p)}func (d *doctor) setNext(next department) {d.next = next}
reception.go
import \"fmt\"type reception struct {next department}func (r *reception) execute(p *patient) {if p.registrationDone {fmt.Println(\"Patient registration already done\")r.next.execute(p)return}fmt.Println(\"Reception registering patient\")p.registrationDone = truer.next.execute(p)}func (r *reception) setNext(next department) {r.next = next}
patient.go
type patient struct {name stringregistrationDone booldoctorCheckUpDone boolmedicineDone boolpaymentDone bool}
main.go
func main() {medical := &medical{}//Set next for cashier departmentcashier := &cashier{}cashier.setNext(medical)//Set next for doctor departmentdoctor := &doctor{}doctor.setNext(cashier)//Set next for reception departmentreception := &reception{}reception.setNext(doctor)patient := &patient{name: \"abc\"}//Patient visitingreception.execute(patient)}
执行结果如下:
Reception registering patientDoctor checking patientCashier getting money from patient patientMedical giving medicine to patient
代码已上传至GitHub:zhyea / go-patterns /Chain of Responsibility Design Pattern
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