爱站程序员基地案例场景：
数据文件备份- 控制文件备份 – 创建了表空间 -此时控制文件损坏-归档日志模式，日志文件皆可用。
（考点：控制文件备份中不存在新建表空间信息）。
数据文件控制文件备份：
[oracle@service3 prod]$ cp *.dbf /u01/backup/
[oracle@service3 prod]$ cp control01.ctl /u01/backup/
SYS@prod>startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 490736720 bytes
Database Buffers 335544320 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
创建一个表空间：
SYS@prod>create tablespace t1 datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/t1.dbf’ size 50M;
SYS@prod>create table t1 tablespace t1 as select * from hr.employees;
[oracle@service3 prod]$ cp /etc/passwd control01.ctl
[oracle@service3 prod]$ cp /etc/passwd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/prod/control02.ctl
日志切换数据库崩溃：
SYS@prod>alter system switch logfile;
alter system switch logfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 2504
Session ID: 125 Serial number: 9
使用备份的控制文件进行恢复：
[oracle@service3 prod]$ cp /u01/backup/control01.ctl .
[oracle@service3 prod]$ cp /u01/backup/control01.ctl /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/prod/control02.ctl
SYS@prod>startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 490736720 bytes
Database Buffers 335544320 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@prod>alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 1: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf’
ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file – old control file
SYS@prod>recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 1198800 generated at 05/12/2020 22:43:32 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2020_05_13/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1198800 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01244: unnamed datafile(s) added to control file by media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 7: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/t1.dbf’
创建一个空的文件：
SYS@prod>alter database create datafile 7 as ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/t1.dbf’;
Database altered.
必须是数据文件自创建以来所有的日志都是存在的。
SYS@prod>recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 1199161 generated at 05/13/2020 09:05:00 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2020_05_13/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 1199161 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
SYS@prod>alter database open resetlogs;
使用trace重建控制文件。
SYS@prod>alter database backup controlfile to trace as ‘/home/oracle/con2.ctl’;
将备份的控制文件中不存在的数据文件信息，手动添加到trace文件中，进行控制文件重建。
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE “PROD” NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log’ SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo02.log’ SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo03.log’ SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
– STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf’,
’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/t1.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test.dbf’
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
SYS@prod>shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@prod>@con.sql
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 490736720 bytes
Database Buffers 335544320 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
Control file created.
SYS@prod>alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf’
SYS@prod>recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SYS@prod>alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@prod>select count(*) from t1;
COUNT(*)
———-
107
1* select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name=‘T1’
SYS@prod>/
TABLESPACE_NAME
——————————
T1
