爱站程序员基地用python爬取豆瓣电影信息，输入类别和爬取页数，想怎么爬就怎么爬，哎就是玩！
代码操作展示：
开发环境
windows 10
python3.6
开发工具
pycharm
库
tkinter、jsonpath、lxml、random、os、xlrd
1.百度搜索豆瓣打开豆瓣电影，下面是我们要爬取的地址
start_url = https://movie.douban.com/explore#!type=movie&tag=%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8&sort=time&page_limit=20&page_start=0界面如下
2.在进入网页的时候看到电影数据那里有加载中，确定信息为异步加载，直接右击检查进行抓包，点击Network，点击XHR，如下图所示
3，接下来我们看翻页操作，点击加载更多，查看网址变化
第二页地址https://movie.douban.com/explore#!type=movie&tag=%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8&sort=time&page_limit=20&page_start=20
第三页地址
https://movie.douban.com/explore#!type=movie&tag=%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8&sort=time&page_limit=20&page_start=40
规律找到了
最后page_start=一次增长20
同时也发现tag后面是电影的分类，可以通过更改类名获取其他类别的电影信息
4.获取电影的详情页地址
def main(self, user_name, pass_wd):'''url 的拼接调用:return:'''for i in range(pass_wd):try:start_url = self.start_url.format(user_name, i * 20)response = session.get(start_url, headers=self.headers).json()self.respons(response, user_name)except:print(f'{user_name}====保存完成正在翻页')def respons(self, response, user_name):'''提取数据:return:'''subjects = response['subjects']if subjects == []:a = subjects[6]else:'''提取详情页'''url_list = jsonpath(subjects, '$..url')for url in url_list:
5.用xpath语法提取需要的数据，并将提取的数据放到列表里
for url in url_list:list_1 = []res = session.get(url, headers=self.headers).content.decode()res = etree.HTML(res)'''电影名称'''title = res.xpath('//h1/span/text()')[0]list_1.append(title)'''电影评分'''pf = res.xpath('//strong/text()')[0]list_1.append(pf)dy_list = []'''导演'''dy = res.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/span[1]/span[2]/a/text()')for d in dy:dy_list.append(d)# print(dy)'''编剧'''bj = res.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/span[2]/span[2]/a/text()')for b in bj:pass# print(bj)'''主演'''zy = res.xpath('//span[@class="actor"]/span[@class="attrs"]/a/text()')# zy = ''.join(zy)# print(zy)'''类型'''lx = res.xpath('//span[@property="v:genre"]/text()')# print(lx)'''制片国家'''zp_list = res.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/text()')# print(zp_list)zp = ''.join(zp_list)zp = zp.replace(' ', '').replace('\\n', '')zp = zp.split('/')zp = [i for i in zp if i != '']zp = zp[0]data = {'基本详情': [title, pf, dy, bj, zy, lx, zp]}
6.最后保存到表格，可以作为模板使用
def save_excel(self, data, title, f):os_path_1 = os.getcwd() + '/数据/'if not os.path.exists(os_path_1):os.mkdir(os_path_1)os_path = os_path_1 + '数据.xls'if not os.path.exists(os_path):# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')# 创建新的sheet表worksheet1 = workbook.add_sheet("基本详情", cell_overwrite_ok=True)borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders"""定义边框实线"""borders.left = xlwt.Borders.THINborders.right = xlwt.Borders.THINborders.top = xlwt.Borders.THINborders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THINborders.left_colour = 0x40borders.right_colour = 0x40borders.top_colour = 0x40borders.bottom_colour = 0x40style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Stylestyle.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style"""居中写入设置"""al = xlwt.Alignment()al.horz = 0x02 # 水平居中al.vert = 0x01 # 垂直居中style.alignment = al# 合并 第0行到第0列 的 第0列到第13列'''基本详情13'''# worksheet1.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 13, '基本详情', style)excel_data_1 = ('电影名称', '电影评分', '导演', '编剧', '主演', '类型', '制片国家')for i in range(0, len(excel_data_1)):worksheet1.col(i).width = 2560 * 3# 行，列， 内容， 样式worksheet1.write(0, i, excel_data_1[i], style)workbook.save(os_path)# 判断工作表是否存在if os.path.exists(os_path):# 打开工作薄workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(os_path)# 获取工作薄中所有表的个数sheets = workbook.sheet_names()for i in range(len(sheets)):for name in data.keys():worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[i])# 获取工作薄中所有表中的表名与数据名对比if worksheet.name == name:# 获取表中已存在的行数rows_old = worksheet.nrows# 将xlrd对象拷贝转化为xlwt对象new_workbook = copy(workbook)# 获取转化后的工作薄中的第i张表new_worksheet = new_workbook.get_sheet(i)for num in range(0, len(data[name])):new_worksheet.write(rows_old, num, data[name][num])new_workbook.save(os_path)print(f'{f}===={title}========保存完成')
源码展示：
# !/usr/bin/nev python# -*-coding:utf8-*-USER_AGENT_LIST = ['Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; Hot Lingo 2.0)','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3451.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.2999.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.70 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.4; en-US; rv:1.9.2.2) Gecko/20100316 Firefox/3.6.2','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36 OPR/31.0.1889.174','Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; MS-RTC LM 8; InfoPath.2; Tablet PC 2.0)','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36 TheWorld 7','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36 OPR/55.0.2994.61','Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; MATP; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; CIBA; Maxthon 2.0)','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.814.0 Safari/535.1','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/418.9.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/419.3','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/43.0.2357.134 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/6.0; Touch; MASMJS)','Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686) AppleWebKit/535.21 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1041.0 Safari/535.21','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; Hot Lingo 2.0)','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3451.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.2999.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.70 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.4; en-US; rv:1.9.2.2) Gecko/20100316 Firefox/3.6.2','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36 OPR/31.0.1889.174','Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; MS-RTC LM 8; InfoPath.2; Tablet PC 2.0)','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36 TheWorld 7','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36 OPR/55.0.2994.61','Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; MATP; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; CIBA; Maxthon 2.0)','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.814.0 Safari/535.1','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/418.9.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/419.3','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/43.0.2357.134 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/6.0; Touch; MASMJS)','Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686) AppleWebKit/535.21 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1041.0 Safari/535.21','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4093.3 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; Swurl) Chrome/77.0.3865.120 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Goanna/4.7 Firefox/68.0 PaleMoon/28.16.0','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4086.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:75.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) coc_coc_browser/91.0.146 Chrome/85.0.4183.146 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; en-US) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/537.36 VivoBrowser/8.4.72.0 Chrome/62.0.3202.84','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.101 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36 Edg/87.0.664.60','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.16; rv:83.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/83.0','Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS x86_64 13505.63.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.101 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36 OPR/72.0.3815.400','Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.101 Safari/537.36',]import random, os, xlrdimport tkinter as tkimport jsonpath, xlwtfrom lxml import etreefrom xlutils.copy import copyfrom jsonpath import jsonpathfrom requests_html import HTMLSessionsession = HTMLSession()class DBSpider(object):def __init__(self):"""定义可视化窗口，并设置窗口和主题大小布局"""self.window = tk.Tk()self.window.title('豆瓣电影信息采集')self.window.geometry('800x600')"""创建label_user按钮，与说明书"""self.label_user = tk.Label(self.window, text="请输入需要爬取的分类（'热门','最新','经典','豆瓣高分','冷门佳片','华语','欧美','韩国',""'日本'）：", font=('Arial', 12), width=150, height=2)self.label_user.pack()"""创建label_user关联输入"""self.entry_user = tk.Entry(self.window, show=None, font=('Arial', 14))self.entry_user.pack(after=self.label_user)"""创建label_passwd按钮，与说明书"""self.label_passwd = tk.Label(self.window, text="爬取多少页：（小于100）", font=('Arial', 12), width=30, height=2)self.label_passwd.pack()"""创建label_passwd关联输入"""self.entry_passwd = tk.Entry(self.window, show=None, font=('Arial', 14))self.entry_passwd.pack(after=self.label_passwd)"""创建Text富文本框，用于按钮操作结果的展示"""self.text1 = tk.Text(self.window, font=('Arial', 12), width=85, height=22)self.text1.pack()"""定义按钮1，绑定触发事件方法"""self.button_1 = tk.Button(self.window, text='爬取', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1,command=self.parse_hit_click_1)self.button_1.pack(before=self.text1)"""定义按钮2，绑定触发事件方法"""self.button_2 = tk.Button(self.window, text='清除', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1,command=self.parse_hit_click_2)self.button_2.pack(anchor="e")self.start_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/search_subjects?type=movie&tag={}&sort=time&page_limit=20&page_start={}'self.headers = {'User-Agent': random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST)}def parse_hit_click_1(self):"""定义触发事件1,调用main函数"""user_name = self.entry_user.get()pass_wd = int(self.entry_passwd.get())self.main(user_name, pass_wd)def main(self, user_name, pass_wd):'''url 的拼接调用:return:'''for i in range(pass_wd):try:start_url = self.start_url.format(user_name, i * 20)response = session.get(start_url, headers=self.headers).json()self.respons(response, user_name)except:print(f'{user_name}====保存完成正在翻页')def respons(self, response, user_name):'''提取数据:return:'''subjects = response['subjects']if subjects == []:a = subjects[6]else:'''提取详情页'''url_list = jsonpath(subjects, '$..url')for url in url_list:list_1 = []res = session.get(url, headers=self.headers).content.decode()res = etree.HTML(res)'''电影名称'''title = res.xpath('//h1/span/text()')[0]list_1.append(title)'''电影评分'''pf = res.xpath('//strong/text()')[0]list_1.append(pf)dy_list = []'''导演'''dy = res.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/span[1]/span[2]/a/text()')for d in dy:dy_list.append(d)# print(dy)'''编剧'''bj = res.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/span[2]/span[2]/a/text()')for b in bj:pass# print(bj)'''主演'''zy = res.xpath('//span[@class="actor"]/span[@class="attrs"]/a/text()')# zy = ''.join(zy)# print(zy)'''类型'''lx = res.xpath('//span[@property="v:genre"]/text()')# print(lx)'''制片国家'''zp_list = res.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/text()')# print(zp_list)zp = ''.join(zp_list)zp = zp.replace(' ', '').replace('\\n', '')zp = zp.split('/')zp = [i for i in zp if i != '']zp = zp[0]data = {'基本详情': [title, pf, dy, bj, zy, lx, zp]}self.save_excel(data, title, user_name)def save_excel(self, data, title, f):os_path_1 = os.getcwd() + '/数据/'if not os.path.exists(os_path_1):os.mkdir(os_path_1)os_path = os_path_1 + '数据.xls'if not os.path.exists(os_path):# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')# 创建新的sheet表worksheet1 = workbook.add_sheet("基本详情", cell_overwrite_ok=True)borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders"""定义边框实线"""borders.left = xlwt.Borders.THINborders.right = xlwt.Borders.THINborders.top = xlwt.Borders.THINborders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THINborders.left_colour = 0x40borders.right_colour = 0x40borders.top_colour = 0x40borders.bottom_colour = 0x40style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Stylestyle.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style"""居中写入设置"""al = xlwt.Alignment()al.horz = 0x02 # 水平居中al.vert = 0x01 # 垂直居中style.alignment = al# 合并 第0行到第0列 的 第0列到第13列'''基本详情13'''# worksheet1.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 13, '基本详情', style)excel_data_1 = ('电影名称', '电影评分', '导演', '编剧', '主演', '类型', '制片国家')for i in range(0, len(excel_data_1)):worksheet1.col(i).width = 2560 * 3# 行，列， 内容， 样式worksheet1.write(0, i, excel_data_1[i], style)workbook.save(os_path)# 判断工作表是否存在if os.path.exists(os_path):# 打开工作薄workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(os_path)# 获取工作薄中所有表的个数sheets = workbook.sheet_names()for i in range(len(sheets)):for name in data.keys():worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[i])# 获取工作薄中所有表中的表名与数据名对比if worksheet.name == name:# 获取表中已存在的行数rows_old = worksheet.nrows# 将xlrd对象拷贝转化为xlwt对象new_workbook = copy(workbook)# 获取转化后的工作薄中的第i张表new_worksheet = new_workbook.get_sheet(i)for num in range(0, len(data[name])):new_worksheet.write(rows_old, num, data[name][num])new_workbook.save(os_path)print(f'{f}===={title}========保存完成')self.text1.insert("insert", f'{f}===={title}========保存完成')self.text1.insert("insert", '\\n ')self.text1.insert("insert", '\\n ')def parse_hit_click_2(self):"""定义触发事件2，删除文本框中内容"""self.entry_user.delete(0, "end")self.entry_passwd.delete(0, "end")self.text1.delete("1.0", "end")def center(self):"""创建窗口居中函数方法"""ws = self.window.winfo_screenwidth()hs = self.window.winfo_screenheight()x = int((ws / 2) - (800 / 2))y = int((hs / 2) - (600 / 2))self.window.geometry('{}x{}+{}+{}'.format(800, 600, x, y))def run_loop(self):"""禁止修改窗体大小规格"""self.window.resizable(False, False)"""窗口居中"""self.center()"""窗口维持--持久化"""self.window.mainloop()if __name__ == '__main__':d = DBSpider()d.run_loop()
